The T.M.C. Asser Instituut offers post-graduate students the opportunity to gain practical experience in the field of international and European sports law.  The T.M.C. Asser Instituut, located in The Hague, is an inter-university research institute specialized in international and European law. Since 2002, it is the home of the ASSER International Sports Law Centre, a pioneer in the field of European and international sports law.

What we offer:

The internship will provide a well-rounded experience and insight into the role and functioning of international sports law. Under the direction and guidance of a dedicated supervisor, the intern will be considered a full member of our research team and will be expected to contribute in a variety of projects, such as:  

• Academic research projects;
• The International Sports Law Journal (ISLJ) and the Asser International Sports Law book series;
• The editing of a Yearbook on International Sports Arbitration
• The ASSER International Sports Law Blog
• The preparation of events and conferences.

We have place for:

A full-time intern position for a period of three to six months.

Interested candidates should have:

• A Master’s degree in law;
• A specific interest in the working of the Court of Arbitration for Sport;
• Strong analytical and writing skills;
• Flexibility, motivation and the capacity to work independently;
• Fluency in written and spoken English. Knowledge of other languages (especially French and German) is an advantage.

How to apply:

Candidates who are interested in applying can send their letter of motivation and CV, and a recent academic writing (in English) to a.duval@asser.nl before August 15, 2018.

Editor's note: This report compiles all relevant news, events and materials on International and European Sports Law based on the daily coverage provided on our twitter feed @Sportslaw_asser. You are invited to complete this survey via the comments section below, feel free to add links to important cases, documents and articles we might have overlooked.

The Headlines

Chairman of the Rio 2016 Organising Committee arrested on corruption charges

On 4 October 2017, Brazilian authorities arrested (now former) President of the Brazilian Olympic Committee and an IOC Honorary Member Carlos Arthur Nuzman. The chairman of the Rio 2016 Organising Committee was allegedly implicated in a vote-buying scheme associated with the host selection process for the 2016 Olympic Games. Consequently, the IOC Executive Board provisionally suspended Mr Nuzman from his function as an IOC Honorary Member and further decided to withdraw him from the Coordination Commission for the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo. Moreover, the IOC also provisionally suspended the Brazilian Olympic Committee, noting that this decision shall not affect Brazilian athletes. Subsequently, Mr Nuzman resigned as the President of the Brazilian Olympic Committee. On 31 October 2017, the IOC communicated that the Brazilian Olympic Committee would be allowed to exercise again its membership rights in associations of National Olympic Committees. However, the IOC also emphasised that other measures imposed as part of the provisional suspension of the Brazilian Olympic Committee would remain in place until the relevant governance issues are addressed to the satisfaction of the IOC Executive Board.

China accused of running a systematic doping programme in the 1980s and 1990s

On 21 October 2017, a German television broadcasted a documentary featuring Xue Yinxian, a 79-year-old Chinese doctor currently seeking political asylum in Germany. Mrs Yinxian spent a great part of her life as a physician looking after some of the most prominent Chinese athletes, in particular the successful gymnasts. In the relevant documentary, she described a sophisticated state-sponsored doping programme allegedly prevailing in China in the 1980s and 1990s, and demanded that all medals won by Chinese athletes during the period in question be withdrawn. In response, the World Anti-Doping Agency informed that it had commissioned its Intelligence and Investigations team to initiate an investigative process in this regard.

Preliminary ruling of the European Court of Justice in the case involving the English Bridge Union

Duplicate bridge is not a sport, at least not for the purposes of the Council Directive 2006/112/EC on the common system of value added tax (VAT Directive). This conclusion was reached by the judges of the European Court of Justice in the preliminary ruling proceedings involving the English Bridge Union and the Commissioners for Her Majesty's Revenue & Customs. Most importantly, the Court asserted that ''an activity such as duplicate bridge, which is characterised by a physical element that appears to be negligible, is not covered by the concept of 'sport' within the meaning of the VAT Directive''.

Sports Law Related Decisions

• European Court of Justice – Decision in the case between the English Bridge Union Limited and the Commissioners for Her Majesty's Revenue & Customs
•  ITF – Decision under the 2017 Tennis Anti-Doping Programme in the case of Daniel Evans

Official Documents and Press Releases

• CAS – The appeal filed by high jumper Anna Chicherova dismissed
• FIFA – FIFA Council Statement on the final report by the FIFA Monitoring Committee Israel-Palestine
• FIFA – FIFA suspends the Pakistan Football Federation
• IOC – Candidature Process for the Olympic Winter Games 2026
• IOC – Candidature Questionnaire for the Olympic Winter Games 2026
• IOC – Decision of the IOC Executive Board regarding Mr Carlos Nuzman and the Brazilian Olympic Committee
• IOC – Decision of the IOC Executive Board regarding the Brazilian Olympic Committee
• IOC – IOC launches a new approach to the Candidature Process for the Olympic Winter Games 2026
• Tennis Integrity Unit – Briefing note October 2017
• UEFA – 2016/17 solidarity payments for youth development
• UEFA – Club licensing and FFP keeps clubs on positive course
• UEFA – UEFA and FARE network unite to promote inclusion, diversity and accessibility
• UNI Global Union – Human rights are also player rights
• WADA – Anti-Doping Rules applicable to the Olympic Winter Games PyeongChang 2018
• WADA – Statement on German television documentary alleging systematic doping in China during the 1980s and 1990s
• WADA – WADA Executive Committee ratifies Board Membership for Independent Testing Authority
• WADA – WADA publishes 2016 Testing Figures Report

In the news

Doping

• Associated Press CAS uses McLaren report to uphold doping suspension
• Associated Press Italian cyclist Pirazzi gets 4-year ban for pre-Giro doping
• Andy Brown NADO Italia announces five sanctions for anti-doping rule violations
• Rob Draper and Nick Harris IOC 'did not want drug samples retested to avoid scandals' claims explosive memo sent to the KGB
• Sean Ingle China 'compulsorily doped' athletes in 1980s and 90s, claims whistleblower
• Martha Kelner Call for athletes to be fitted with microchips in fight against drug cheats
• RT News Russian Sports Minister: People must own up to mistakes, but collective responsibility is wrong
• Sportschau China's doped ascent to sports superpower
• TASS Russian Olympic chief: IOC received full report on Russia's anti-doping fight progress

Football

• Al Jazeera FIFA will not take action on Israeli settlement teams
• Associated Press Former FIFA official Valcke testifies in soccer ban appeal
• BBC News Adrien Silva: Leicester City do not rule out CAS appeal over signing
• Michael Church Chinese Super League to bring in foreign referees for final rounds
• CIES Football Observatory Apollon Limassol at the top of the expatriate table
• David Conn PSG chairman Nasser al-Khelaifi accused of World Cup bribe by Swiss prosecutor
• European Professional Football Leagues Legal Newsletter
• Brian Homewood FIFA hopeful transfer system complaint will be withdrawn
• Jack Newsham Jury to be kept from media in FIFA corruption case
• Tariq Panja Brazil's women soccer players in revolt against federation
• Tariq Panja How did a tiny Swiss company quietly secure valuable World Cup TV rights?
• Qatar Tribune Kuwait and FIFA reach agreement on country's sports law
• Reuters FIFA to look into changing nationality rules
• Reuters Ricardo Carvalho given prison sentence for tax fraud in Spain
• Grant Wahl What FIFA and the rest of the world can learn from Norway's equitable pay agreement
• World Sports Advocate Interview with Miguel Maduro, former chair of FIFA's Governance Committee

Other

• Matthew Allen Swiss economy to benefit from Olympics and World Cup

• Andy Brown Worley's case opens the courts to athlete human rights cases
• Nick Butler IOC members raise concerns over reputational damage to Olympic Movement following corruption allegations
• Nick Butler Olympic summit a missed opportunity to make a decisive statement
• Nick Butler Olympic summit calls for all athlete commissions to be elected in apparent dig at WADA
• Sayan Das British tennis player reveals match-fixing offer at tournament in Greece
• Martha Kelner Rio 2016 Olympic chief Carlos Nuzman arrested in corruption investigation
• Yoon Min-Sik PyeongChang Olympics ticket sales get icy reception
• Sporting Life Tennis Integrity Unit reveals 65 'match alerts' received in third quarter of 2017 of suspicious betting patterns
• Sportschau German Olympic athletes ready to set up an autonomous athletes organisation

Academic Materials

•  Michael A. McCann The Oxford Handbook of American Sports Law

Blog

Asser International Sports Law Blog

• Christopher Flanagan The Evolution of UEFA's Financial Fair Play Rules – Part 3: Past Reforms and Uncertain Future
• Tomáš Grell Multi-Club Ownership in European Football – Part 1: General Introduction and the ENIC Saga
• Tomáš Grell Multi-Club Ownership in European Football – Part 2: The Concept of Decisive Influence in the Red Bull Case
• Josep F. Vandellos Alamilla The Limits to Multiple Representation by Football Intermediaries under FIFA Rules and Swiss Law

Law in Sport 

• Roberto Carlos Branco Martins and Matthew Graham How football intermediaries are regulated in the Netherlands: The role of pro-agent
• Rebecca Carlyon and Kate Molan The lifecycle of an international athlete – Part 6: Dealing with divorce
• Jeremy Clarke-Williams The lifecycle of an international athlete – Part 7: Protecting your reputation
• Clare Coley The lifecycle of an international athlete – Part 5: Important pension considerations
• Philip Hutchinson Key changes in WADA's 2018 Prohibited List: IVS & gene doping
•  Nan Sato and Shoichi Sugiyama Must athletes prove how a banned substance entered their body to establish lack of intention?
• Duncan Taylor The lifecycle of an international athlete – Part 8: Navigating the UK property market

Others

• Stephen Nathan Tax raid on Premier League club lawful
• Grigory Rodchenkov Russia's Olympic cheating, unpunished
• Eran Yashiv The value of top footballers, bubbles, and pitfalls of the free market

Upcoming Events

• 16 November – WISLaw Annual Conference and General Assembly, Madrid, Spain
• 26-30 November – Play the Game 2017: Riding Waves of Change, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
• 16 March 2018 – Sports Law & Business Conference, Etihad Stadium, Manchester, England

 Editor's note: This report compiles all relevant news, events and materials on International and European Sports Law based on the daily coverage provided on our twitter feed @Sportslaw_asser.

The Headlines

ISLJ Annual Conference on International Sports Law 

On 26 and 27 October 2017, the T.M.C. Asser Institute in The Hague will host the first ever ISLJ Annual International Sports Law Conference. This year's edition will feature panels on the Court of Arbitration for Sport, the world anti-doping system, the FIFA transfer regulations, human rights and sports, the labour rights of athletes, and EU law and sport. We will also welcome the following distinguished keynote speakers:

• Miguel Maduro, former Advocate General at the European Court of Justice and former head of the FIFA's Governance Committee;
• Michael Beloff QC, English barrister known as one of the 'Godfathers' of sports law;
• Stephen Weatherill, Professor at Oxford University and a scholarly authority on EU law and sport;
• Richard McLaren, CAS Arbitrator, sports law scholar and former head of the World Anti-Doping Agency's investigation into the Russian doping scandal.

You will find all the necessary information related to the conference here. Do not forget to register as soon as possible if you want to secure a place on the international sports law pitch! [Please note that we have a limited amount of seats available, which will be attributed on a 'first come, first served' basis.]

FC Red Bull Salzburg and RB Leipzig given the green light to participate in the 2017/2018 UEFA Champions League

In July, UEFA published the decision on eligibility of FC Red Bull Salzburg and RB Leipzig to participate in the 2017/2018 edition of the UEFA Champions League, handed down by the Adjudicatory Chamber of the UEFA Club Financial Control Body ('CFCB') on 16 June 2017. Having examined the clubs' submissions and, in particular, taking note of multiple personal and other changes made by FC Red Bull Salzburg, the CFCB Adjudicatory Chamber concluded that the company Red Bull did not have a decisive influence over the Austrian club in the sense of Article 5.01(c)(iv) of the UEFA Champions League Regulations 2015-2018 Cycle, 2017/2018 Season. Simultaneously, the CFCB Adjudicatory Chamber held that FC Red Bull Salzburg was not able to exercise by any means a decisive influence in the decision-making of RB Leipzig (or vice versa) at the time when the decision in question was delivered. In the end, both clubs were given the green light to participate in the 2017/2018 edition of the UEFA Champions League as the CFCB Adjudicatory Chamber believed it would not threaten the integrity of the UEFA's flagship club competition.

The CAS award in International Ski Federation v. Therese Johaug and the Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederation of Sports

On 22 August 2017, the CAS published its award rendered in the dispute featuring the International Ski Federation, the Norwegian cross-country skier Therese Johaug and the Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederations of Sports ('NIF'). By way of reminder, the seven-time world champion tested positive for Clostebol in September 2016. Consequently, the NIF Adjudication Committee imposed a 13-month period of ineligibility on Johaug, effective as of 18 October 2016. Not satisfied with the length of the sanction, the International Ski Federation filed an appeal with the CAS on 6 March 2017, asking the latter to lengthen Johaug's ban to at least 16 months. Despite the Norwegian's otherwise clean anti-doping record, the CAS eventually sided with the International Ski Federation and lengthened Johaug's ban to 18 months, effective as of 18 October 2016. As a result, she will now miss the 2018 Winter Olympic Games in Pyeongchang.

Sara Errani banned from professional tennis for two months

The Italian female tennis player Sara Errani is currently serving a two-month ban imposed on her by an Independent Tribunal appointed under Article 8.1 of the 2017 Tennis Anti-Doping Programme. This sanction is a direct consequence of an out-of-competition doping control test which took place on 16 February 2017 and revealed the presence of Letrozole in the body of the former French Open finalist. Apart from not being eligible to enter any tournament before 3 October 2017, Errani is also obliged to return prize money she earned at events played during the period between 16 February 2017 and 7 June 2017, given that all her results achieved during the said period were disqualified. It should be noted, however, that the Italian Anti-Doping Agency reportedly petitioned the CAS to lengthen Errani's ban, and thus it will be the CAS that will have the final word on the matter.

Sports Law Related Decisions

• CAS – Award delivered in the arbitration between Chunhong Liu and International Olympic Committee
• CAS – Award delivered in the arbitration between Lei Cao and International Olympic Committee
• CAS – Award delivered in the arbitration between Paolo Barelli and Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA)
• CAS – Award delivered in the arbitration featuring the International Ski Federation (FIS), Therese Johaug and The Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederation of Sports
• Sport Resolutions (UK) – Decision rendered in the case between ITF and Sara Errani
• UEFA – Decision rendered in the case concerning Rasenballsport Leipzig and FC Red Bull Salzburg

Official Documents and Press Releases

• Athletics Integrity Unit – Statement regarding the provisional suspension of two Ukrainian athletes
• CAS – Appeal filed by Tatyana Chernova dismissed
• CAS – Bulletin 2017/1
• CAS – The CAS confirms ranking of the Romanian football league 1 2016/2017
• CAS – The CAS confirms the decision rendered by the International Canoe Federation (ICF) in the case of Serghei Tarnovschi
• CAS – The CAS dismisses the appeals filed by the Bolivian Football Federation
• CAS – The CAS imposes four-year ban on Russian triple-jumper Anna Pyatykh
• CAS – The CAS reduces the ban imposed on Harold Mayne-Nicholls from three to two years
• CAS – The CAS rejects urgent application for provisional measures filed by Peter Sagan and Denk Pro Cycling GmbH
• CAS – The CAS suspends the IAAF Hyperandrogenism Regulations until the end of September 2017
• CAS – The CAS upholds the life bans imposed by the IAAF on Valentin Balakhnichev, Alexei Melnikov and Papa Massata Diack
• CAS – The CAS upholds the two-year period of ineligibility imposed on Roman Eremenko
• Deloitte – Annual Review of Football Finance
• FIFA – 2026 FIFA World Cup bidding process: FIFA receives expressions of interest
• FIFA – FIFA appoints monitoring committee to ensure oversight of Greek FA
• FIFA – FIFA suspends Sudan Football Association
• FIFA – FIFA lifts suspension of Sudan Football Association (SFA)
• FIFA – Normalisation committee appointed for Cameroonian FA
• FIFPro – Neymar deal is tip of the iceberg
• IOC – 2028 Host City Contract
• IOC – IOC approves new candidature process for Winter Olympic Games 2026
• IOC – IOC Executive Board confirms gender equality and more innovation for Winter Youth Olympic Games Lausanne 2020
• IOC – IOC makes historic decision in agreeing to award 2024 and 2028 Olympic Games at the same time
• IOC – Los Angeles declares candidature for Olympic Games 2028: IOC to contribute USD 1.8 billion to the Local Organising Committee
• IOC – Report of the IOC Evaluation Commission 2024
• IOC – Six candidates approved for IOC Athletes’ Commission elections in Pyeongchang
• Swiss Federal Tribunal – Appeal filed by Michel Platini rejected
• Tennis Integrity Unit – Briefing Note July 2017
• UNESCO – From ‘declaration to action’ at Ministerial Conference for Sport and Physical Education
• Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) – Cycling Canada, Ontario Cycling Association, UCI and Canadian athlete Kristen Worley settle human rights application to promote inclusive sporting environments
• Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) – Statement on Samuel Sánchez Gonzalez
• WADA – Annual report 2016
• WADA – Sierra Leone ratifies UNESCO Anti-Doping Convention
• WADA – Statement from WADA Athlete Committee
• WADA – WADA publishes RUSADA Roadmap to Code Compliance

In the news

Doping

• Nina Berglund Johaug drops doping appeal
• Andy Brown Russian Federal Government approves National Anti-Doping Plan
• Nick Butler IOC Executive Board approve plans for Independent Testing Authority in time for Pyeongchang 2018
• Nick Butler IOC target October for results of Schmid and Oswald Russian doping reports
• Daniel Etchells iNADO urges principled approach from IOC to Russia sanctions
• Nick Harris Russia’s football drugs cover-up: Eight months on and still no action as ethics team are ‘denied access to evidence’
• Martha Kelner Ethiopian pharmacy given trading ban for the illegal sale of EPO
• Martha Kelner Inside the doping hotspot of Ethiopia: Dodgy testing and EPO over the counter
• Martha Kelner and James Rudd Caster Semenya could be forced to undertake hormone therapy for future Olympics
• Duncan Mackay Olympic 50km race walk gold medallist to miss World Championships after IAAF doping investigation
• The Moscow Times Russia’s Sports Minister says no chance of Winter Games doping ban
• Michael Pavitt WADA Director General claims progress being made after visiting RUSADA headquarters
• Play the Game Paralympic committees boost Russia’s bid to be reinstated in time for Pyeongchang 2018
• Radio Poland New Polish Anti-Doping Agency launched
• Reuters Suspended Russian Anti-Doping Agency appoints new director

Football

•  Mohamed Fajah Barrie The crisis in Sierra Leone football deepens as FIFA suspends congress

• David Conn Paris St-Germain signing of Kylian Mbappé looks like defiance of UEFA
• James M. Dorsey The Gulf crisis: Qatar’s 2022 World Cup moves into the firing line
• ESPN FIFA places onus on Football Federation Australia to sort out governance issues with stakeholders
• Joseph Evans Spanish, French and Brazilian firms advise on record-breaking £200 million Neymar transfer to PSG
• The Guardian Spanish FA President Ángel María Villar Llona arrested on corruption charges
• Nicholas Hirst Spanish league wants EU to referee Neymar transfer saga
• Paul MacInnes UEFA’s Aleksander Ceferin talked about a salary cap – but could it ever happen?
• Liam Morgan Cameroon official accuses FIFA of ignoring CAS verdict on disputed FECAFOOT elections
• Liam Morgan FIFA threaten to take over running of Football Federation Australia as impasse continues
• Rory Smith The owner brought the money. The agent delivered the players. Now what?
• Peter Staunton Coutinho, Van Dijk and Diego Costa: Transfer market horribly stacked against players
• Stefan Szymanski Neymar transfer exposes football’s modern-day trafficking scheme
• Andrew Warshaw Ceferin warns Euro giants that FFP still has teeth, and floats possibility of salary cap
• Joe Wright FIFA investigating Neymar complaint over unpaid Barcelona loyalty bonus

Other

• Rizwan Ali Pakistan cricketer Sharjeel Khan banned for five years
• Aaron Bauer Coates welcomes Australian Olympic Committee’s report, but defiant on bullying claims
• Ben Bloom IAAF consider formal action against BBC for grilling medical expert on live TV
• Nick Butler IOC members unanimously support 2024 and 2028 joint awarding plans
• David Conn How Bahrain uses sport to whitewash a legacy of torture and human rights abuses
• Nicholas Hirst Sports bosses on thin ice in EU antitrust probe
• Marina Hyde Los Angeles has signed up but rapacious IOC is running out of conquests
• Sean Ingle Sebastian Coe alarmed by ‘human trafficking’ revelations in athletics
• Martha Kelner General public is losing faith in scandal-ridden sports, survey claims
• Juliet Macur What qualifies a woman to compete as a woman? An ugly fight resumes
• Reuters IOC snubs Infantino and Coe in new members list
• John Varano Major sports events: Are they worth it?
• Stephen Wade Rio Olympics look to IOC for help with USD 40 million debt
• Johnny Watterson and Sarah Bardon The Olympic Council of Ireland acting to remove Pat Hickey from Olympic positions

Academic Materials

• Steven A. Bank Will U.S. Soccer Be Forced to Adopt Promotion and Relegation?
• Stéphane Bermon and Pierre-Yves Garnier Serum Androgen Levels and Their Relation to Performance in Track and Field: Mass Spectrometry Results from 2127 Observations in Male and Female Elite Athletes
•  Ian S. Blackshaw International Sports Law: An Introductory Guide
• Philippe Broda Europe Versus Emerging Countries Within FIFA: Using Inflation as a Conflict Regulation Mechanism
• Namrata Chatterjee, Chiheb Kaibi, Ivan Kraljević and Adrienne Lerner A Proposal for Sport Governance Oversight
• Sherman J. Clark Why Sports Law?
• Pierre Cornu, Sabrina Cuendet and Laurent Vidal Disciplinary and Arbitration Procedures of the Sport Movement
• Despina Mavromati Disciplinary Sanctions for Misconduct in Tennis
• Rolf Ulrich et al. Doping in Two Elite Athletics Competitions Assessed by Randomized-Response Surveys

Blog

Asser International Sports Law Blog

• Mario Vigna Mitigating Circumstances and Strict Liability of Clubs in Match-fixing: Are We Going in the Wrong Direction? An Analysis of the Novara and Pro Patria Cases
• Frans de Weger and Frank John Vrolijk Overdue Payables in Action: Reviewing Two Years of FIFA Jurisprudence on the 12bis Procedure – Part I
• Frans de Weger and Frank John Vrolijk Overdue Payables in Action: Reviewing Two Years of FIFA Jurisprudence on the 12bis Procedure – Part II

Law in Sport

• Nick De Marco Betting and football’s ticking time bomb: Joey Barton v. FA
• Tiran Gunawardena, Carol Couse and Mark Hovell Trends in digital brand engagement, image rights and sponsorship deals in sport
• Andrew Haywood The lifecycle of an international athlete: Part I: Finding an agent and signing with a sports club
• Rebecca O’Kelly-Gillard and Chris Lavey Top of the league: How football clubs protect and exploit their brands in a global marketplace
• John Shea Six key lessons for clubs on the protection of minors from the FC Barcelona and Real Madrid appeals
• Dan Smith #Sport: The digital battle between sponsors, rights holders and ambush marketers
• Lloyd Thomas A brief review of China’s new 100% ‘transfer tax’ on footballers
•  Gemma White and Louis Weston Why sport needs a unified approach to sanctions for corruption offences

Others

• Andy Brown Why life bans for doping will not work
• Nick De Marco Corruption in football: Player transfers, agents and the ‘privatisation of regulation’
• Kelsey Erickson and Susan Backhouse Doping: Why some athletes are reluctant to speak out
• Howard Jacobs The latest anti-doping hysteria and the problem of reducing complicated issues to 140 characters
• Ruth Kennedy Barcelona’s claim against Neymar: Valid claim or smoke and mirrors?
• David Owen IOC likes to say it redistributes 90% of revenues, but does it? And who to?
• Roger Pielke, Jr. Inconsistencies between Johaug vs. Sharapova at CAS
• Ed Thompson Neymar’s PSG transfer and the break-even test
• Ross Tucker Testosterone, performance and intersex athletes: Will the IAAF evidence be enough?

Upcoming Events

• 26-27 October – ISLJ Annual Conference on International Sports Law, T.M.C. Asser Institute, The Hague, the Netherlands
• 26-30 November – Play the Game 2017: Riding Waves of Change, Eindhoven, the Netherlands